Touch Typing Lessons

Lesson 3: The Bottom Row

Revised March 2026 (what changed). If your curriculum requires the previous version, you can access it here.

Two rows down, one to go. The bottom row is the final frontier of the alphabet. After this, you'll know every letter. In this lesson, you'll reach downward from the home row instead of upward. These movements are easier if you keep your hands slightly lifted with your fingers curled down toward the keys.

Remember to return to home position after each keystroke. Use the bumps on F and J to guide you back. Accuracy first, speed later.

The Bottom Row Keys
The Bottom Row Keys

The Index Finger Keys

3.1 Index Fingers: m v

US QWERTY keyboard diagram with M, V highlighted showing both hand positions

We will begin by learning to type the two keys below your right and left index fingers: m v

Reach down from j with your right index finger to type m. Reach down from f with your left index finger to type v. Return to the home row after each reach.

Typing Exercise 3.1
mm mm mm mm vv vv vv vv mvm mvm mvm vmv vmv vmv mmv vmm mvv vvm mv mv mv vm vm vm mv vm vm mv m v m v v m v m m v v m m v m v

3.2 Index Fingers with Home Row: m v j f

US QWERTY keyboard diagram with M, V, J, F highlighted showing both hand positions

Practice the bottom and home index finger keys together: m v j f

Typing Exercise 3.2
mm vv mm vv mjvf vfmj jmfv fvjm mjm vfv mjm vfv jmj fvf jmj fvf mvm vmv mvm vmv mjj vff jjm ffv mv vm mv vm mj jm vf fv very dim very damp very murky very slimy; i dive i swim i move i swerve i shift my shape; i am home

The Middle Finger Keys

3.3 Middle Fingers: , c

US QWERTY keyboard diagram with ,, C highlighted showing both hand positions

Magnificent! Let's move on to the bottom middle keys: , c

Reach down from k with your right middle finger to type , (the comma). Reach down from d with your left middle finger to type c. Keep the movement small and return to the home position after each keystroke.

Typing Exercise 3.3
,, ,, ,, ,, cc cc cc cc ,c, ,c, ,c, c,c c,c c,c ,,c ,,c cc, cc, ,cc c,, ,c ,c ,c c, c, c, , c , c c , c , , c c , , c , c

3.4 Middle Fingers with Home Row: , c k d

US QWERTY keyboard diagram with ,, C, K, D highlighted showing both hand positions

Let's practice the bottom and home row middle finger keys together to make the downward reaches feel smooth and controlled.

Typing Exercise 3.4
,, cc ,, cc ,kcd cd,k k,dc dck, ,k, cdc ,k, cdc k,k dcd k,k dcd ,c, c,c ,c, c,c ,kk cdd kk, ddc ,c c, ,c c, ,k k, cd dc clam clicks, clam clacks, clam cracks, clam cackles, classic cold clammy comedy

Take a quick break if you need one. Index and middle fingers are done. Up next: ring fingers and the period key.

3.5 Sentence Practice

You have learned the comma key! Let's practice combining it with the other keys you know in some short sentences. We use semicolons to separate thoughts since you have not learned the period key yet.

Typing Exercise 3.5: Practice
i live here, somewhere very dim, very deep, very damp; i have a roommate, i call her clam; clam watches me type; clam has jokes; eight arms, still slow, she claims; clam cracks herself up; your rhythm is off, you type like a sick shrimp, she cackles; i do work, clam does comedy; good luck with that, fam, says clam; she closes her shell of slime, falls asleep; very cold, very clam

The Ring Finger Keys

3.6 Ring Fingers: . x

US QWERTY keyboard diagram with ., X highlighted showing both hand positions

Big moment: you're about to learn the period key. No more semicolon sentences. After this, your thoughts can actually end. Also: x. The most mysterious letter.

Reach down from l with your right ring finger to type . (the period key). Reach down from s with your left ring finger to type x. Return to the home position after each reach.

Typing Exercise 3.6
.. .. .. .. xx xx xx xx .x. .x. x.x x.x ..x .xx xx. x.. .x .x .x x. x. x. .x x. x. .x .x x. .x x. . x . x x . x . . x x . . x . x

3.7 Ring Fingers with Home Row: . x l s

US QWERTY keyboard diagram with ., X, L, S highlighted showing both hand positions

Let's lock in these ring finger reaches. Practice until they feel comfortable.

Typing Exercise 3.7
.. xx .. xx .lxs xs.l l.sx sxl. .l. xsx .l. xsx l.l sxs l.l sxs .x. x.x .x. x.x .ll xss ll. ssx .x x. .x x. .l l. xs sx i mix my colors. exactly sixty six axolotls drift past. i exhale. i relax. i exist.

The Pinky Finger Keys

3.8 Pinky Fingers: / z

US QWERTY keyboard diagram with /, Z highlighted showing both hand positions

Excellent, you are almost done! It's time to learn the pinky keys for the bottom row: / z

Reach down from ; with your right pinky to type /, and down from a with your left pinky to type z.

Typing Exercise 3.8
// // // // zz zz zz zz //z //z /zz /zz zz/ zz/ z// z// /z /z /z z/ z/ z/ /z z/ z/ /z / z / z z / z / / z z / / z / z

3.9 Pinky Fingers with Home Row: / z ; a

US QWERTY keyboard diagram with /, Z, ;, A highlighted showing both hand positions

Practice the bottom and home row pinky finger keys together to build accuracy and reinforce your skills.

Typing Exercise 3.9
// zz // zz /;za za/; ;/az az;/ /;/ zaz /;/ zaz ;/; aza ;/; aza /z/ z/z /z/ z/z /;; zaa ;;/ aaz /z z/ /z z/ /; ;/ za az i squeeze/ooze through the coral maze. the water fizzes/fuzzes. i zigzag, i freeze. lazy/cozy, i doze. clam gazes. dazed/amazed.

Diagonal Reach

3.10 Diagonal Reach: n b

US QWERTY keyboard diagram with N, B highlighted showing both hand positions

Ready for the final challenge? The n and b keys are the "final boss" of the bottom row! These diagonal reaches are the trickiest on this row - your index fingers need to stretch down and to the side at the same time. From j, reach down and left for n. From f, reach down and right for b. Take your time with these; they're harder than the straight reaches you've been practicing. Master these, and you've conquered the bottom row! Remember to return to home position after each key using the bumps on f and j.

Typing Exercise 3.10
nn nn nn nn bb bb bb bb nbn nbn nbn bnb bnb bnb nnb bnn nbb bbn nb nb nb bn bn bn nb bn bn nb n b n b b n b n n b b n n b n b

3.11 Diagonal Reach with Home Row: n b j f

US QWERTY keyboard diagram with N, B, J, F highlighted showing both hand positions

Now let's practice n and b with the home row index keys.

Typing Exercise 3.11
nn bb nn bb njbf bfnj jnfb fbjn njn bfb njn bfb jnj fbf jnj fbf nbn bnb nbn bnb njj bff jjn ffb nb bn nb bn nj jn bf fb born beneath an ancient ocean, between the coral my boneless body bends and blends. nothing shows. nobody knows.

All Together

3.12 All Letters A-Z (Part 1)

That's it. You know the whole alphabet. Every letter, A through Z. Plus commas, periods, and slashes. You can type real sentences now. Properly punctuated ones.

Typing Exercise 3.12: Practice
call me ishmael, i type. been done, says crab. i blink. crab does not. crab has been behind the coral the entire time. needs more work, says crab. i have eight arms, but crab has two claws and types faster than me. the math makes approximately zero sense. crab finished his novel six months ago. about submarines and a hunt for october, or something. also been done, i think. glass houses, crab, but whatever. sixty thousand words. i have three.

3.13 All Letters A-Z (Part 2)

Typing Exercise 3.13: Practice
maybe you should write about zen and the art of underwater junk collecting, suggests crab. exactly, i say, and ignore him. decapods, so funny. this typewriter is actually mid century/vintage/antique. crab says nothing. judgmental sea creatures and a janky typewriter from a shipwreck. probably haunted. the z sticks and the x makes a crunchy noise. sand gets in everything. barely works. this is my existence. call me ishmael. maybe tomorrow i will write word four. but luckily, for me, ink is not a problem.

You've learned all 26 letters! Right now you could type anything... as long as it doesn't need a capital letter, question marks, quotes, or numbers. Or the name Gary. So, almost anything! But don't worry, the next lesson covers capital letters. Your sentences are about to get proper nouns. Gary is going to be thrilled.

Feel free to repeat any of the exercises in this typing lesson. When you can consistently hit 95% accuracy or above, you are ready to move on!

You are now ready for the basic typing test!

Next Lesson: Capital Letters